Combustion chambers for engines



Jan. 31, 1961 J. DOLZA COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR ENGINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Jan. 19; 1955 r I N V EN T OR. Jaw? flo/zcz B Y A rroe/wsy I Jan. 31, 1961 J. DOLZA COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR ENGINES Original Filed Jan. 19, 1955 a Sheets-Sheet 2 COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR ENGINES Original Filed Jan. 19, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 All! INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y United States Patent 9 F COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR ENGINES Original application Jan. 19, 1955, Ser. No. 482,794,

now Patent No. 2,865,341, dated Dec. 23, 1958. Di-

vided and this application May 29, 1958, Ser. No. 738,865

7 Claims. (Cl. 123-191) This invention relates to combustion chambers for internal combustion engines for automotive and other purposes. The application is a division of application S.N. 482,794, filed in the name of John Dolza, January 19, 1955, now Patent No. 2,865,341.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber embracing the invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of one of the cylinders of the engine disclosed by Figure l and illustrating particularly the combustion chamber therein, in the vicinity of the spark plug of the engine. Figure 2 is taken substantially in the planes of the broken lines 22 of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows thereon;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder of the engine taken substantially in the plane of line 33 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows thereon;

Figure 4 is a similar view of a cylinder of the engine, except that Figure 4 is taken in the plane of line 44 of Figure 3, looking in the opposite direction and in the direction of the arrows thereon;

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the combustion chamber taken substantially in the plane of line 55 of Figure 4, and

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 except that Figure 6 is taken in the plane at 90 to Figure 5 and in the plane of line 66 of Figure 5, looking in the direction of the arrows thereon.

The engine 10 embodying the invention includes an engine frame 11 in which rows 12 and 13 of cylinders 14 are formed. Pistons 16 mounted in the cylinders 14 are secured by connecting rods 17 to a crankshaft 18 rotatably mounted in bearings 19 formed in the frame 11. Head means 21 secured between the rows 12 and 13 of cylinders 14 provide heads 22 for the cylinders 14. The ends of the cylinders 14 are formed obliquely to the axes of the cylinders so that the cylinders each have inner short sides 23 and outer long sides 24. The obliquely formed ends of the cylinders provide rows of elliptical openings in the frame 11, each opening having a major axis transversely and a minor axis longitudinally of the engine 10. The heads 22 extend along the length of each of the rows 12 and 13 of the cylinders 14 and may be formed integrally between the two rows of cylinders. The ends of the rows 12 and 13 of cylinders 14 terminate in obliquely disposed plane surfaces 26 to which the plane inner surfaces 27 of the heads 22 are secured. The plane inner surfaces 27 of the heads 22 are also obliquely disposed to the axes of the cylinders 14.

The pistons 16 are formed to provide plane end surfaces 28 and 29 disposed in opposite angular relation and obliquely to the axes of the cylinders 14. The surfaces 28 on the inner or short sides 23 of the cylinders 14 are spaced and disposed in parallel relation to the plane surfaces 27 of the heads 22 to provide a minimum mechanical clearance space indicated at 31. The-surfaces 29 on the outer or long sides 24 of the cylinders 14 are disposed obliquely to the axes of the cylinders 14 and to the inner plane surfaces 27 of the heads 22. The inner plane surfaces 27 of the heads 22 have intersecting annular recesses 32 and 33 to provide clearances around the seating surfaces 34 of the inlet valves 36 and exhaust valves 37 for the cylinders 14. There is one of the inlet valves 36 and one of the exhaust valves 37 for each of the cylinders 14. Each of the valves 36 and 37 have valve stems 38 disposed in valve guides 39 secured in the heads 22 and operatively supporting the valves.

The heads 22 are formed to provide inlet passages 41 for the inlet valves 36 and exhaust passages 42 for the exhaust valves 37 for each cylinder 14 of the engine. The valves 36 and 37 for each cylinder 14 of the en-. gine may be disposed obliquely with respect to a transverse plane through the axis of each cylinder of the engine. The axes of the valves are on the opposite sides of such transverse planes with the inlet valves 36 on the inner or shorter sides of the cylinders and the exhaust valves 37 on the outer or longer sides of the cylinders. The valves 36 and 37 for the cylinders 14 may be provided with any suitable valve actuating means 43 for operating the valves in timed relation to the movement of the pistons 16 in the cylinders 14.

The valves for the cylinders of the engine also may be provided with valve clearances formed in the cylinders 14 of the engine. Such clearances for the exhaust valves 37 may be provided by recesses 44 formed in the outer ends of the cylinders 14, and intersecting the plane surfaces 26 at the ends of the rows 12 and 13 of the cylinders 14. The recesses 44 may be formed with side surfaces 46 extending normally to the surfaces 26 and 27 of the rows of cylinders and the heads respectively. The recesses 44 also may terminate in surfaces 47 disposed obliquely to the surfaces 46 and the inner surfaces of the cylinders 14. The surfaces 46 and 47 forming the recesses 44 may be surfaces of revolution formed about axes disposed normally to the inner surfaces 27 of the heads 22.

Fuel may be supplied to the cylinders 14 in any suitable manner, as by fuel injection valves 48 secured in openings communicating with the cylinders of the engine through passages 49. The passages 49 may terminate within and at the lower extremity of the recess 44. The charges compressed in the cylinders 14 by operation of the pistons 16 may be ignited by spark plugs 51 secured in openings communicating with the cylinders through recesses 54 formed in the heads 22. The spark plugs may be disposed between the valves 36 and 37 for each cylinder and on the long side of the cylinder, in opposite relation to the exhaust valves 37. The recesses 54 for the spark plugs 51 open into firing chambers 56 for the cylinders 14 of the engine, the firing chamber 56 being on the long sides of the cylinders 14, in directly opposed relation to the surfaces 29 of the pistons 16.

The movement to the outer dead center positions of the pistons 16 in the cylinders 14 will compress explosive charges into combustion chambers 57 for the cylinders 14 of the engine, the combustion chambers including the minimum mechanical clearance spaces 28, the valve clearance spaces 32 and 33, the valve clearance recesses 44. and the spark plug recesses 54 and the firing chambers 56.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having an obliquely disposed end, a head secured to said end of said cylinder, a piston reciprocably mount- Patentecl Jan. 31, 1961.

ed in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said head and said cylinder and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder having spaced head and cylinder and piston wall surface means providing combustion chamber means for said cylinder, said cylinder wall surface means being formed in part by surface of revolution wall surface means formed about axis means normal to said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and to said head.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having an obliquely disposed end, a head secured to said end of said cylinder, a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said head and said cylinder and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder having spaced head and cylinder and piston wall surface means providing combustion chamber means for said cylinder, said cylinder wall surface means being formed in part by surface of revolution Wall surface means formed about axis means on one side of the major axis of said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and normal to said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and to said head.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having an obliquely disposed end, a head secured to said end of said cylinder, a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said head and said cylinder and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder having spaced head and cylinder and piston wall surface means providing combustion chamber means for said cylinder, said cylinder wall surface means being formed in part by surface of revolution Wall surface means formed about axis means on one side of the major axis of said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and on the side of said cylinder opposite the angle formed by said major axis of said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and a diameter of said cylinder and normal to said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and to said head.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having an obliquely disposed end, a head secured to said end of said cylinder, a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said head and said cylinder and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder having spaced head and cylinder and piston wall surface means providing combustion chamber means for said cylinder, said cylinder wall surface means being formed in part by surface of revolution wall surface means formed about an axis normal to said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and to said head and in part by surface of revolution wall surface means formed about the common axis of said piston and said cylinder.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having an obliquely disposed end, a head secured to said end of said cylinder, a piston reciprocably mount- 'ed in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said head and said cylinder and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder having spaced head and cylinder and piston wall surface means providing combustion chamber means for said cylinder, said cylinder wall surface means being formed in part by surface of revolution wall surface means formed about axis means normal to said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and to said head, a valve mounted in said head and having opening and closing movements in said combustion chamber means normal to said end of said cylinder and said head and parallel to said surface of revolution wall surface means, said surface of revolution wall surface means being disposed outwardly of said valve and providing side clearance for said opening and closing movements of said valve within said combustion chamber means.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having an obliquely disposed end and a recess formed by a surface of revolution about an axis normal to said obliquely disposed end, a head secured to said end of said cylinder, a piston reciprocably mounted in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said head and said cylinder including said recess and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder having spaced wall surface means providing combustion chamber means for said cylinder, a pair of valves mounted in said head and having opening and closing movements in said combustion chamber normal to said end of said cylinder and said head, one of said valves being disposed on the long side of said cylinder and the other i on the short side of said cylinder and on opposite sides of the major axis of said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder, and a spark plug extending through said head and into said combustion chamber means, said spark plug being disposed obliquely with respect to said head and said cylinder and said major axis of said obliquely disposed end of said cylinder and in the space between and on one side of said valves.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder having inner side Wall means and an obliquely disposed end and a recess formed by a surface of revolution about an axis normal to said end, said end being disposed in a plane including a diameter of said cylinder, a head secured to said end of said cylinder and having plane inner wall means closing said end of said cylinder, a piston having obliquely disposed plane end wall means on opposite sides of said diameter of said cylinder and rcciprocably mounted in said cylinder and having an outer dead center position in said cylinder, said wall means of said head and said cylinder including said recess and said piston at said outer dead center position of said piston in said cylinder being spaced to provide combustion chamber means for said cylinder, a pair of valves having plane inner wall means forming substantially a continuation of said plane inner wall means of said head and mounted in said head and opening into said combustion chamber means through valve seat means in said inner wall means of said head and having opening and closing movements in said combustion chamber means normal to said end of said cylinder and said head, a spark plug in said head and projecting into said combustion chamber means through said inner wall means of said head, one of said end wall means of said piston being spaced from and parallel to said inner wall means of said head and said valves to provide minimum mechanical clearance space forming a part of said combustion chamber means between said head and said piston, said combustion chamber means including said cylinder recess being disposed largely between said piston and said cylinder and said head on the side of said cylinder opposite saidminimum mechanical clearance space and in directly opposed relation to said ignition chamber means and said spark plug.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,812,262 Gardner June 30, 1931 2,058,487 Mock Oct. 27, 1936 2,071,062 Cummins Feb. 16, 1937 2,676,580 Hollingsworth Apr. 27, 1954 2,738,780 Wolf Mar. 20, 1956 2,766,739 Kasche Oct. 16, 1956 2,800,118 Scherenberg July 23, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 5,211 Great Britain Mar. 3, 1909 891,948 Germany Aug. 20, 1953 

